From ground-breaking clinical trials to observational cohorts and epidemiologic surveillance, BHP has remained a global leader in maternal and pediatric HIV research since early in the HIV epidedmic, with BHP findings leading to global guidelines changes.  The focus of the research has always been to find ways to improve the health outcomes of pregnant women living with HIV and their children. Studies have primarily focused on the prevention of pediatric HIV infection, optimizing the treatment of pregnant women living with HIV, early diagnosis and novel treatment of infants with HIV infection and the health and neurodevelopment of children who are exposed to HIV in-utero but not infected.  Some of the studies with the biggest global impact include the 'Mma Bana' study, which showed that providing 3-drug antiretroviral treatment to pregnant and breastfeeding women would reduce pediatric HIV infections to very low levels while allowing for safe breastfeeding [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3987116/].  The VESTED randomized treatment trial, led by a BHP investigator, provided vital data about the safest current HIV treatment regimen for pregnant women with HIV [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00314-7/fulltext].  Another important study has been 'Tsepamo', which collects data on outcomes of approximately 70% of all births in Botswana and has been providing a substantial proportion of the world's data on the safety of antiretroviral medications in pregnancy.  Other cutting edge research studies include evaluating broadly neutralizing antibody treatments for treating HIV infection in children (and investigating possible approaches to pediatric HIV cure) , examining the metabolic effects of ART in HIV-exposed by uninfected children and evaluating the effects of HIV and different antiretroviral treatments on post-partum depression and childhood neurodevlopment.